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INGFORMS & PROGRESSIVE
Exercise One h Now you go right ahead and translate the sentences and, of course, read through the grammar notes carefully. Use a PC, notepad or a word processor and take your time. -Make sure you pay those notes some thought! A translation key will follow shortly, but make no haste.
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A dangling phrase is a phrase connected to nothing. The writer knows what the phrase refers to and the reader can usually guess, but the reader might become less sure, less focused and also of course, he knows that the writer is or was inept.
Driving through the rain, the street lights were scarcely visible. Were the street lights driving a car or a bus? Driving through the rain, I could hardly see the street lights.
He said he was willing to sign the contract yesterday. (Now this might seem clear if 'yesterday' is meant to apply to the signing of the contract, but misleading if the intended meaning was that he/she made the remark 'yesterday'.)
He/She said yesterday that he/she was willing to sign the contract. When looking for a word, check in your dictionary.
I have been looking all over for you.
He had been waiting a long time when the train came.
He enjoyed driving the car.
Heavy drinking was his only bad habit.
Being sensible was difficult for him.
She enjoyed cooking on her new stove.
And now look at how ingforms act as adjectives: The sinking ship was several nautical miles away from Monterey/Carmel. The rising sun usually greets the residents of El Paso, at least on the eastern side of Franklin Mountains. NB. You can clearly see how the "ingform" modifies the nouns 'ship' and 'sun, above.
Having been drenched by the rain, he caught a cold. Having lost his notebook, he failed the test.
They were late in leaving the house, but they caught the train. The councilman had the mayor's backing. I was on the verge of inviting her to the party. (about to invite) He ran when he saw his mother coming. (adverbial clause) Lindsey was so naive that she was always putting her foot in it. (making embarrassing blunders)
It goes without saying that winters are cold in the north. (is self-evident) h
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