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lexikon dictionary

 

Ex1-ing
Ex2-ing
Ground 1
INGFORM ExOne  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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ingformer i engelskan

och motsvarande svenska konstruktioner

 

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English - engelska Swedish - svenska

Continuous and/ or progressive verbforms

Sometimes reflecting a continuity, something ongoing, but that holds true only in some instances. Please see below for details and samples!

 

She came riding her bike when I suddenly got…

 

He's fishing from the pier, sitting down.

He was fishing the whole day yesterday as well.

He had been fishing for about two hours when suddenly a great white shark jumped out of the water and took his cap off. (-Boy was he surprised!)

be + -ing = something ongoing, continuing

 

See Engelsk universitetsgrammatik, ESSELTE STUDIUM, av Svartvik-Sager §§ 3B, 100, 410

För att uttrycka samtidighet, pågående handling etc används i engelska -ingform som verbändelse på liknande sätt som vi ofta gjorde i svenskan förr beträffande användningen av våra s.k. participformer (verbparticip: -ande, -ende)

 

Hon kom cyklande då jag plötsligt fick…

Han är metande, sittande på bryggan med pilsner, snus, spö och mask…

Han sitter och metar på bryggan (=just nu pågående).

Då man kan säga att någon är, eller var, "görande"

(håller på med eller höll på med att) något vid ett visst tillfälle (nu= presens, då, eller sedan= framtid)

OBS! Vid pågående ingform måste användas "be" (=am, are, is, was eller were) + ingform

Se vidare i bl a Modern engelsk grammatik, Almqvist & Wiksell, av Svartvik-Sager,  §§ 4.69--73

What are you doing?

Vad håller du på med (just nu)? / Vad gör du (nu)? / Vad sysslar du med (nu)?

She's scratching my back.

Hon kliar mig på ryggen.

She is writing a letter.

Hon håller på att skriva ett brev.

She was writing a letter when I came into her room.

Hon höll på att skriva ett brev då jag kom in i hennes rum.

She sat writing a letter when I came into her room.

Hon satt och skrev ett brev då jag kom in i hennes rum.

   

Are you going someplace?

Är du på väg någonstans (=till något särskilt ställe)?

   

What's happening?

Vad står på? / Vad (är det som) händer? / Vad är det som sker (just nu)?

   

How are you doing?

Hur står det till? / Hur går det för dig? / Hur klarar du dig?

Are things working out for you?

Får du ordning på saker och ting? / Får du det hela att fungera?

   

Will there be a person running this tomorrow as well?

Kommer någon att (hålla på med att) sköta detta imorgon också?

   

Will you be riding on Friday as well?

Kommer du att hålla på och rida (vara ridande) på fredag också?

Are you playing tennis all day on Friday?

Spelar du tennis hela dagen på fredag?

Will you be playing tennis all day Friday?

Kommer du att hålla på med att spela tennis hela dagen på fredag?

   

He won't be riding his bike on Saturday.

Han kommer inte att hålla på och köra (vara körande) sin cykel (alt. motorcykel) på lördag.

What in the world were you doing when I showed up last night?

Vad i hela friden höll du på med när jag dök upp igår kväll?

   

Were you playing one of your computer games all day yesterday?

Höll du på och spelade ett av dina datorspel hela dagen igår?

   

What was he doing all day?

Vad höll han på med hela dagen (den dagen, t ex igår)?

What has she been doing all day?

Vad har hon hållit på med hela dagen (idag)?

   

Då man i svenskan använder en preposition plus (en s.k.) att-fras har motsvarande mening -ingform i engelskan.

Alltså, prep + "attuttryck" i svenskan = ingform i engelskan

 

MEG= Modern engelsk grammatik, Svartvik-Sager, § 4.69

Hargeviks, §§190-197

 

…intresserad av att… = interested in …-ing

…förtjust i att…= fond of …-ing

…säker på att…= sure of …-ing

Engelsk gram, Elfstrand-Gabrielsson, § 261

She's interested in riding.

Hon är intresserad av att rida.

He hurried along eagerly for fear of being late.

Han skyndade sig av rädsla att komma för sent.

He's seems mainly interested in riding a motorcycle this week.

Han verkar vara mest (=huvudsakligen) intresserad av att åka (=köra) motorcykel den här veckan.

   

They are both fond of skiing.

De är båda förtjusta i att åka skidor.

Are you afraid of losing again?

Är du rädd för att förlora igen?

   

Efter vissa verb i engelskan följer alltid (=skall alltid följa) -ingform på närmast följande verb

 

MEG, Svartvik-Sager §4.74

Hargevik, §193

You must avoid smoking at all times!

They all enjoy skiing at Easter.

Stop smoking is easy. (Mark Twain did it a thousand times.)

They sat talking for hours forgetting all about the buried and the maimed.

avoid,deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, fancy, finish, give up, go on, cannot help, keep, mind, put off, postpone, quit, risk, stop, sit, stand

You shouldn't avoid telling him the great news, it'll only make things worse.

Never quit/stop looking at things from the bright side.

 

Gee, I sure enjoy cruising around like this, with no particular place to go, as Chuck Berry once said.

 

Don't stop doing the things you do!

Efter vissa adjektiv i engelskan följer alltid (=skall alltid följa) -ingform på närmast följande verb t ex busy, like, near, worth

They were busy reading love letters from behind the Iron Curtain, so they didn't even hear the bombs falling.

 

It's no good booking seat reservations at this point, as we don't know yet whether or not we'll come back.

   

Efter vissa uttryck följer -ingform

The book is well worth reading, simply due to its colorful and hilariously illustrious graphics.

It is (of) no use…

As we have come to this agreement finally, I think it is of no use talking to you again in the foreseeable future.

It's no good even trying for more, as long as…

 
   

When you make a verb into a noun

Substantiverade verb

e.g. /e g

t. ex./ t ex/ till exempel/exempelvis

fly > flying  

Flying is great fun. / I like flying a whole lot. 

Swedish = flyga> flygning

cry > crying   

Crying doesn't amount to anything in my book.

Crying is for kids and widows.

Swedish = gråta> gråt

drive > driving

Swedish = köra bil >bilkörning

 

Driving isn't one of those things anybody gets to be good at, even if there are people hoping for it to come around.

 

I bought this car because I detest waiting for something.

He admitted to having injured his neighbor on purpose.

Många verb i engelskan konstrueras med ing-form men har i sin svenska motsvarighet en finit sats eller en infinitiv

He must avoid offending the voters.

 

Paterson is considering resigning.

Paterson funderar på (överväger) att avgå / dra sig tillbaka.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Further reading - Se vidare på följande "websites":

 

Guide to Learning English as a Second Language  

- includes grammar and vocabulary quizzes, and advice to teachers, parents, and students on learning English as a second language.

American English as It's Spoken -contractions and shortcuts in American speech.

American English Now - American language and culture lessons.

Business English Quizzes - grammar and vocabulary quizzes - plus a business English Hangman game.

ComAudio - listen to news, songs, and other items in English while the text appears on the screen.

Dave's ESL Cafe - assistance for ESL/EFL students and teachers.

Electronic English as a Second Language

Elingua - learn English on the web. Interactive do-and-review lessons in a stimulating multimedia environment, with many examples and exercises.

ELT Television Series: Family Album, USA - resource center for ESL/EFL teachers.

English Channel: ESL - grammar, reading, writing, speaking, and listening exercises.

English for Internet - study English grammar, pronunciation, writing and reading through free Internet courses.

English Learning Fun Site

English Listening Lounge - features recordings of ordinary English speakers, with questions and other study aids.

English Page - free exercises and resources for intermediate and advanced English learners.

English Warehouse - learn English via the internet.

English Zone - learn idioms, basic grammar, and spelling.

English, Baby - presents different lessons based on American popular culture, such as movies, music, and slang.

English-Zone.Com - features a variety interactive language exercises, including verbs, grammar, spelling, and more.

EnglishCLUB.net: Grammar - presents tutorials and quizzes on aspects of grammar such as verb tenses and prepositions.

EnglishLearner.com - interactive practice for students of English; includes tests, quizzes, crosswords, a mailing list and more.

EnglishMentor.com - online tutorial, with features on American slang, spoken English, and test preparation.

EnglishSpace - designed for pre-intermediate and intermediate learners of secondary school age (12-16 years) and their teachers.

 

ESL English Grammar Tutor - three levels of interactive exercises in English grammar and usage.

Eviews - audio interview with different English accents, accompanied by transcripts, comprehension tests, and lesson plans.

freeENGLISH.com - provides instruction in ESL through a free, downloadable, interactive Internet-based program called ENGLISH PRO Web Edition; also features interactive quizzes and games.

It's English - includes dialogues, quotes, idioms, and other lessons.

Learn English - Have Fun - crosswords, word games, and other activities for students of English.

Planet English - for students and teachers of ESL/EFL including language lessons, chat, message boards, bookstore, software jobs, and study grammar.

 

Randall's ESL Cyber Listening Lab - helps students improve their English listening comprehension skills through practice with self-grading listening quiz pages.

 

english.html             grammarmenu.htm

http://www.englishplus.com/grammar/

http://www.usborne.com/

http://www.onlinelearningguide.com

http://www.schoolwork.org/english.html

 

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