|
ampersand ('&')
from 'et' (Latin) meaning 'and' =svenskans 'och'
| No/Nr |
Abbreviation |
short for - förkortning av |
förklaring-explanation, misc-övr |
| 3 |
A.B. /B.A. |
['bi:ei] Bachelor of Art |
motsv. ung fil. kand., filosofie
kandidat,
traditionellt att anse som en "allmän grundexamen"
vid ett svenskt universitet, omfattande 120 poäng, normalt
tre års heltidsstudier med normal studiegång fullföljd
|
| 4 |
A.D. |
['ei 'di:] [ej'di:] |
anno Domini, Latin under (i) Herrens
år / e. Kr. |
| 5 |
A.M. |
Master of Arts (M.A.) |
motsv. ung. fil. mag., filosofie magister (filosofisk
ämbetsexamen, även statsvetenskaplig examen), var tidigare ett av
kraven för att få undervisa på univ (i bl.a. U.S.A.) |
| 2 |
abbr, Abbr., short for, short |
abbreviation, abbreviated |
förkortning, förkortad/-t |
| 6 |
am , a.m.[ei em] |
in the morning |
ante meridiem, Latin på
morgonen eller förmiddagen, från kl24:00 fram till kl 12:00
påföljande/efterföljande |
| 72 |
ARP |
Address Resolution Protocol |
en TCP/IP-process som översätter IP-adresser
till Ethernetadresser vilket är ett naturligt krav för att TCP/IP
skall kunna fungera med Ethernet |
| 73 |
AWC |
Association for Women in Computing |
en stor organisation för kvinnor verksamma inom
datorbranschen eller i datorrelaterad verksamhet |
| 68 |
B, b |
byte/baud, överföringshastighet (bitar per sekund i
digital miljö) mellan datorer, eller mellan dator och kringutrustning |
byte är oftast en grupp av 8 binära tecken,
bitar (bits), 1 Kbyte= 1024 byte eller 2 upphöjt till 10, en 'byte'
oftast motsv ett tecken, 'byte' har med lagring att göra och 'baud'
har med kommunikation att göra |
| 7 |
b., b |
born |
född, föddes |
| 8 |
B.C.['bi: 'si:] |
before Christ |
f. Kr. / före Kristus |
| 70 |
bps |
bits per second |
bit per sekund, basenhet för överföringshastighet,
i digitala sammanhang förekommer även 'baud' |
| 67 |
BSD |
popular version of UNIX |
en populärversion av operativsystemet (OS) UNIX
som har specificerats av Berkeleyuniversitetet i Kalifornien
(California) som ligger "på andra sidan Oakland-Bay Bridge från
San Francisco" (öster S.F.) |
| 69 |
C |
strukturerat programmeringsspråk, från början
utvecklat ihop med UNIX |
C är sedan många år ett av de populäraste
programmeringsspråken med bra definition och ett fåtal hinder för
programmeraren, C++ kommer mer & mer |
| 11 |
c. &f. |
Cost and freight |
sjöfrakt och alla kostnader tillfartyg betalas
och bekostas av säljaren |
| 13 |
c. &i. |
Cost and insurance |
frakten bekostas av köparen |
| 9 |
c., ca., ca |
about |
cirka |
| 14 |
C.O.D. |
Cash on delivery |
Betalas vid ankomst/leverans(efterkrav,
postförskott) |
| 65 |
CAD |
Computer Aided Design |
datorstödd konstruktion, där ritningar och beräkningar
för en produkt har gjorts med hjälp av dator |
| 66 |
CAM |
Computer Aided Manufacturing |
datorstödd tillverkning, dator/-er styr
tillverkningen eller en tillverkningsprocess |
| 10 |
cf.[kån'fö:], [kåm'pärd], [kåm'päöd] |
compare |
jfr, jämför
confer, Latin |
| 12 |
ch., ch |
chapter, chapters |
kapitel, kapitlen |
| 64 |
CIM |
Computer Integrated Manufacturing |
datorintegrerad tillverkning,
tillverkningsprocessen har integrerats från konstruktion (CAD) ända
ut till produktion (CAM) |
| 15 |
Col. |
Colonel (military rank) |
överste (mil grad) |
| 16 |
cp.[kom'pä:r], [kom'päö] |
compare |
jämför, jfr |
| 17 |
d., d |
died |
död, dog, avled/avliden |
| 18 |
dept. -dept |
department, English Dept., Justice
Department, a department store |
avdelning |
| 19 |
do.['ditöu] |
dito, detsamma, likadan |
ditto |
| 20 |
doz.['dAzön] |
dussin (12 st) |
dozen (12 ea.) |
| 21 |
dpd. |
Franco domicile |
duty paid/payed delivered=säljaren bekostar och
ordnar allt (oftast om paket endast) |
| 22 |
E. ,E |
East,
English= engelsk, -t |
East= öst, öster (östra= eastern), österut=
eastward(eastbound= med riktning/destination österut), the East= Österlandet
(theOrient), Östersjön= the Baltic (the Baltic Sea) |
| 23 |
e.g. ,eg |
for example |
t.ex. /till exempel / t ex
exempli gratia, Latin |
| 24 |
etc.[it'setrö], [it'setrA] |
osv. / mm / m.m. |
et cetera, Latin |
| 27 |
fas. (fad. = Free at docks) |
Free alongside (ship) |
Hamn-& lastningskostnader, sjöfrakt, försäkringar
och leverans/utkörning samtimportskatter/-kostnader bekostas av köparen |
| 28 |
ff, ff. |
and the following pages |
och följande sidor |
| 29 |
fig.,fig |
figure |
figur, siffra |
| 30 |
for. |
Free on rail |
säljaren bekostar och ordnar med leverans
till terminal |
| 31 |
fot. |
Free on truck |
säljaren bekostar och ordnar med leverans
till terminal |
| 32 |
ft., ft |
foot -feet /12 inches= 1 foot, foot - feet (3
ft= 1 yard) |
fot (= 0,3043 m) = 12 tum |
| 25 |
G,. G |
German |
tysk, -t, -a |
| 26 |
Gk= Greek |
grekisk, grek |
|
| 34 |
h.p. / hp |
horse-power |
hästkraft, hästkrafter |
| 33 |
hr. / hrs. |
hour - hours |
timma /-r, timme |
| 36 |
i.e. |
that is |
id est, Latin dvs/ d.v.s. =
det vill säga |
| 39 |
I.Q. |
Intelligence Quotient |
intelligenskvot,"intelligensnivå" |
| 35 |
ibid. /id. |
the same |
samma |
| 38 |
in., (") |
inch/ inches, 12"= 1
foot, there are twelve inches to a foot ( " = inch & '
= foot) |
tum (= 2,54 cm eller 25,4 mm), ofta
förkortat i form av citationstecknet (") och
observera att tecknet (') = foot/ ft |
| 40 |
L=Latin, LL= Late Latin |
Latin, Late Latin |
latin, latinsk, -t |
| 41 |
lb., lbs.= pound, -s |
0,453 kilo / 453 grams |
|
| 42 |
LG |
Low German |
lågtysk, från del av Tyskland |
| 43 |
m. |
meter (metre), married |
meter, gift |
| 44 |
mdse. |
merchandise |
varor, handelsvara/ -or |
| 45 |
Messrs. |
plural of Mr. |
"herrarna" i en firma(f:a-beteckning
etc) |
| 46 |
mgr. /mgr /Mgr |
manager |
föreståndare, chef |
| 50 |
Miss |
fröken (ogift kvinna), även om'skolfröken' |
tilltalalsord för lärarinna='fröken' |
| 47 |
Mr. / Mr |
Mister |
herr, men också om 'magistern' =läraren (han),
'mister' kan varaohövligt, provocerande och ibland nedlåtande. Kom
ihåg att använda 'sir' vidartighet/hövlighet |
| 48 |
Mrs. /Mrs |
fru |
|
| 49 |
N.T. |
New Testament |
Nya testamentet, del av Bibeln |
| 53 |
no., /No/ nos |
number, numbers |
nummer, OBS! att det skrivs medstort N vid förkortning
(-No 10,No 14 etc) |
| 51 |
OE |
old English |
gammalengelska,forntida-medeltida engelska |
| 52 |
OF |
old French |
gammalfranska |
| 54 |
p., pp. |
page, pages |
sida, sidan, sidor, sidorna |
| 57 |
P.T.O. |
Please turn over |
V.g. vänd, vända blad, vändsidan , bläddra
till nästa sida etc. |
| 55 |
pm, p.m. |
e.m., em, eftermiddag, kväll, påeftermiddagen,
på kvällen |
eftermiddag & kväll, från kl12:00
middagstid till kl 24:00 |
| 56 |
pt., pt |
part |
del, en del, delen |
| 58 |
R.N. |
Registered Nurse |
|
| 59 |
R.S.V.P |
Please reply. |
Vänligen svara/besvaravänligen/ Svar önskas! |
| 60 |
S., S |
South (that train is goingsouth, it's a
southbound train), the South= a region in southern U.S., inclwhat used
to be called "the deep South" around the MississippiRiver
area |
söder, syd (södra= southern) |
| 61 |
s.q., |
square |
kvadrat, fyrkant, ruta, torg,kantig,
traditionsbunden och "ordentlig" mm |
| 62 |
viz. |
namely |
= nämligen, videlicet,Latin |
| 63 |
Xmas= Christmas |
jul, -en, julhelg, -en |
from Christ= Kristus |
|
&
& &
& & &
There's a lot about a
little tiny character like this one |
The ampersand ("&")
actually began in the days of handwritten manuscripts as a ligature of
the Latin word "et" (meaning "and") and the
letter "s" (which then often took a form resembling an
"f").
Writing books by hand was a
painstaking process, and so ligatures were often used to save
time and effort (not to mention valuable
In modern typography, many of these
old ligatures have largely
fallen out of use, at least partly
because they make it more difficult
to divide words between lines.
Some publishers still use certain
vowel ligatures (such as "æ")
for stylistic effect, since English
words aren't generally divided
between vowel combinations of this
sort; this practice, however, is
increasingly rare. The ampersand,
on the other hand, is still quite
widely used in certain contexts
(such as business names and
informal writing), perhaps due to the
fact that it still saves
significant space and effort, even by modern standards (whereas a
ligature such as "æ" barely saves space, and often requires
more effort to reproduce on today's keyboards than the simple letter
sequence "ae"). It's also exempt from the end-of-line
division problem, since the monosyllabic "and" is virtually
never broken at the end of a line anyway.
//Courtesy of
Merriam-Webster, Inc.
E-mail: kwilkinson@Merriam-Webster.com
http://www.Merriam-Webster.com
http://www.WordCentral.com
in response to inquiry from Swengelsk,
KB
|
Common Proofreading Abbreviations
(The abbreviation would appear in the margin,
probably with a line or arrow pointing to the offending element.)
| Abbreviation |
Meaning |
Example |
| Ab |
a faulty
abbreviation |
She had
earned a Phd along with her M.D. |
Agr
See also P/A and S/V |
agreement
problem:
subject/verb or
pronoun/antecedent |
The
piano as well as the guitar need tuning.
The student lost their book. |
| Awk |
awkward
expression
or construction |
The
storm had the effect of causing
millions of dollars in damage. |
| Cap |
faulty
capitalization |
We
spent the Fall in Southern spain. |
| CS |
comma splice |
Raoul
tried his best, this time that
wasn't good enough |
| DICT |
faulty diction |
Due to
the fact that we were wondering
as to whether it would rain, we stayed home. |
| Dgl |
dangling
construction |
Working
harder than ever, this job
proved to be too much for him to handle. |
| -
ed |
problem with
final -ed |
Last
summer he walk all the way to Birmingham. |
| Frag |
fragment |
Depending
on the amount of snow we get this
winter and whether the towns buy new trucks. |
| |
| |
problem in
parallel form |
My
income is bigger than my wife. |
| P/A |
pronoun/antecedent
agreement |
A
student in accounting would be wise to see
their advisor this month. |
| Pron |
problem with
pronoun |
My aunt
and my mother have wrecked her car
The committee has lost their chance to change things.
You'll have to do this on one's own time. |
| Rep |
unnecessary
repetition |
The car
was blue in color. |
| R-O |
run-on sentence |
Raoul
tried his best this time
that wasn't good enough. |
| Sp |
spelling error |
This
sentence is flaude with two mispellings. |
| -
s |
problem with
final -s |
He
wonder what these teacher think of him. |
| STET |
Let it stand |
The
proofreader uses this Latin term to indicate that proofreading marks
calling for a change should be ignored and the text as originally
written should be "let stand." |
| S/V |
subject/verb
agreement |
The
problem with these cities are leadership. |
| T |
verb tense
problem |
He
comes into the room, and he pulled his gun. |
| Wdy |
wordy |
Seldom
have we perused a document so verbose,
so ostentatious in phrasing, so burdened with too many words. |
| WW |
wrong word |
What
affect did the movie have on Sheila?
She tried to hard to analyze its conclusion. |
Maritime
abbreviations
Rimship Förkortningslista, norska "Forkortelser"
|